Presentation in the Imaging Genetics Educational Course during the 16th Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping — Barcelona, Spain, 06-10 June 2010.

The main reference for the presentation is:

• Winkler AM, Kochunov P, Blangero J, Almasy L, Zilles K, Fox PT, Duggirala R, Glahn DC. Cortical thickness or grey matter volume? The importance of selecting the phenotype for imaging genetics studies. Neuroimage. 2009 Dec 16. [Epub ahead of print]

All other recommended readings and cited references, in the order as they appear in the presentation, are:

Indirect measurements

• Lunde A, Melve KK, Gjessing HK, Skjaerven R, Irgens LM. Genetic and environmental influences on birth weight, birth length, head circumference, and gestational age by use of population-based parent-offspring data. Am J Epidemiol.  2007 Apr 1;165(7):734-41.
• Kremen WS, Panizzon MS, Neale MC, Fennema-Notestine C, Prom-Wormley E, Eyler LT, Stevens A, Franz CE, Lyons MJ, Grant MD, Jak AJ, Jernigan TL, Xian H, Fischl B, Thermenos HW, Seidman LJ, Tsuang MT, Dale AM. Heritability of brain ventricle volume: Converging evidence from inconsistent results. Neurobiol Aging. 2010 Apr 1.
• Carson EA. Maximum likelihood estimation of human craniometric heritabilities. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2006 Oct;131(2):169-80.

Regional Volumes:

• Kremen WS, Prom-Wormley E, Panizzon MS, Eyler LT, Fischl B, Neale MC, Franz CE, Lyons MJ, Pacheco J, Perry ME, Stevens A, Schmitt JE, Grant MD, Seidman LJ, Thermenos HW, Tsuang MT, Eisen SA, Dale AM, Fennema-Notestine C. Genetic and environmental influences on the size of specific brain regions in midlife: the VETSA MRI study. Neuroimage. 2010 Jan 15;49(2):1213-23.
• Goldman AL, Pezawas L, Mattay VS, Fischl B, Verchinski BA, Zoltick B, Weinberger DR, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Heritability of brain morphology related to schizophrenia: a large-scale automated magnetic resonance imaging segmentation study. Biol Psychiatry. 2008 Mar 1;63(5):475-83.

Reviews:

• Peper JS, Brouwer RM, Boomsma DI, Kahn RS, Hulshoff Pol HE. Genetic influences on human brain structure: a review of brain imaging studies in twins. Hum Brain Mapp. 2007 Jun;28(6):464-73.
• Glahn DC, Thompson PM, Blangero J. Neuroimaging endophenotypes: strategies for finding genes influencing brain structure and function. Hum Brain Mapp. 2007 Jun;28(6):488-501.
• Schmitt JE, Eyler LT, Giedd JN, Kremen WS, Kendler KS, Neale MC. Review of twin and family studies on neuroanatomic phenotypes and typical neurodevelopment. Twin Res Hum Genet. 2007 Oct;10(5):683-94.
• Kaymaz N, van Os J. Heritability of structural brain traits an endophenotype approach to deconstruct schizophrenia. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2009;89:85-130.

Other traits:

• Kochunov P, Glahn DC, Fox PT, Lancaster JL, Saleem K, Shelledy W, Zilles K, Thompson PM, Coulon O, Mangin JF, Blangero J, Rogers J. Genetics of primary cerebral gyrification: Heritability of length, depth and area of primary sulci in an extended pedigree of Papio baboons. Neuroimage. 2009 Dec 24.

Recent publications on cortical thickness and area:

• Goldman AL, Pezawas L, Mattay VS, Fischl B, Verchinski BA, Chen Q, Weinberger DR, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Widespread reductions of cortical thickness in schizophrenia and spectrum disorders and evidence of heritability.
  Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009 May;66(5):467-77.
• Rimol LM, Panizzon MS, Fennema-Notestine C, Eyler LT, Fischl B, Franz CE, Hagler DJ, Lyons MJ, Neale MC, Pacheco J, Perry ME, Schmitt JE, Grant MD, Seidman LJ, Thermenos HW, Tsuang MT, Eisen SA, Kremen WS, Dale AM. Cortical thickness is influenced by regionally specific genetic factors. Biol Psychiatry. 2010 Mar 1;67(5):493-9.
• Lenroot RK, Schmitt JE, Ordaz SJ, Wallace GL, Neale MC, Lerch JP, Kendler KS, Evans AC, Giedd JN. Differences in genetic and environmental influences on the human cerebral cortex associated with development during childhood and adolescence. Hum Brain Mapp. 2009 Jan;30(1):163-74.
• Panizzon MS, Fennema-Notestine C, Eyler LT, Jernigan TL, Prom-Wormley E, Neale M, Jacobson K, Lyons MJ, Grant MD, Franz CE, Xian H, Tsuang M, Fischl B, Seidman L, Dale A, Kremen WS. Distinct genetic influences on cortical surface area and cortical thickness. Cereb Cortex. 2009 Nov;19(11):2728-35.

Voxel-based morphometry:

• Bookstein FL. “Voxel-based morphometry” should not be used with imperfectly registered images. Neuroimage. 2001 Dec;14(6):1454-62.
• Hayasaka S, Phan KL, Liberzon I, Worsley KJ, Nichols TE. Nonstationary cluster-size inference with random field and permutation methods. Neuroimage. 2004 Jun;22(2):676-87.
• Ashburner J. Computational anatomy with the SPM software. Magn Reson Imaging.  2009 Oct;27(8):1163-74.

Vertexwise/Voxelwise:

• Meyer-Lindenberg A, Nicodemus KK, Egan MF, Callicott JH, Mattay V, Weinberger DR. False positives in imaging genetics. Neuroimage. 2008 Apr 1;40(2):655-61.

Further reading:

• Baaré WF, Hulshoff Pol HE, Boomsma DI, Posthuma D, de Geus EJ, Schnack HG, van Haren NE, van Oel CJ, Kahn RS. Quantitative genetic modeling of variation in human brain morphology. Cereb Cortex. 2001 Sep;11(9):816-24.
• Thompson PM, Cannon TD, Narr KL, van Erp T, Poutanen VP, Huttunen M, Lönnqvist J, Standertskjöld-Nordenstam CG, Kaprio J, Khaledy M, Dail R, Zoumalan CI, Toga AW. Genetic influences on brain structure. Nat Neurosci. 2001 Dec;4(12):1253-8.
• Hariri AR, Weinberger DR. Imaging genomics. Br Med Bull. 2003;65:259-70.
• de Zubicaray GI, Chiang MC, McMahon KL, Shattuck DW, Toga AW, Martin NG, Wright MJ, Thompson PM. Meeting the Challenges of Neuroimaging Genetics. Brain Imaging Behav. 2008 Dec 1;2(4):258-263.

Posters (HBM 2010):

• McKay DR et al. Investigating genetic correlations between the central sulcus and perirolandic cortex. 718 WTh-PM;
• Brun C, Joshi A et al. Cortical measures and heritability in 326 identical and fraternal twins. 746 WTh-PM;
• Winkler AM et al. Why voxel-based methods may not offer genetically informative measurements of gray matter volume. 734 WTh-PM.
• Glahn DC et al. Genome-wide significant QTL identified for human gray matter thickness at SLITRK. 739 WTh-AM.